Image provided by: Morrow County Museum; Heppner, OR
About Heppner gazette. (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912 | View Entire Issue (July 12, 1892)
Some People Take your Babies to . . THURSDAY . CfO Q THE PHOTOGRAPHER. One picture Free of Charge, work Firtt-Clau and at Living Rate. OFFICIAL Buy advertising space because rate are lowgenerally the circulation is a sight lower. Circulation determines the value of advertising; there is no other standard. The Gazette is willing to abide by it. AS. HEPPNER, MORROW COUNTY, OREGON, TUESDAY, JULY 12, 1892. TENTH YEAR NO. 506 s- PAPER. ' SjtMl-tt LLKLY GAZLL I PUBLISHED Tuesdays and Fridays BY THE PATTERSON PUBLISHING COMPANY AI.VAII W. PATTERSON Bub. Manauw OTI8 PA.TTISB.80N Edttoi Af 8.00 per year, $1.50 Tor six montha, (or threw muntne; in advance. Advertising Rates Made Known or Application. The EA.aliE," of Long Creek, Gran County Oregon, is published uy the same com pany every Friday morning. Subscrijrtio pri-e, fc! per year. ForadvertlsiuK rates, addres b PATTEKSOJT, Editor am Manager, Ixjiir Creek, Oregon, or "Gazette, Heppner, Oregon. rpHIS PAPKH ib kept on tile at E. C. fake'. 1 Aii7rtiKinir Aupnt;v. ril and 65 Merchant- h'it,nni wn Krnmiiscn. California, where con tracts for advertising can be made for it. T7 C. PENTLAND, SECRETARY OF THI J1J. Oreirou l'ri-ss Association, -2l Ash Street between First and Second, Portland, Oregon, onr only agent located in that place. Advert! ers should consult him for rates and space li the Gazette. THE GAZETTK'S AG SNTS. Wagner B. A. Hunsakei Arlington, Henry llenpuei Long Creek l heliiigh yelio Bobbhavi Camas Prairie Oscar lie Van I Matteson, Allen Meferrll Nye, Or H. C. Wrlghi H ard man, ( )r J- A. Woolen Hamilton, Grant Co., Or., Mattle A. lludiii lone T. J. Carl Prairie City, Or R. R. McHalev Canvon City, Or S. L. Fairish Pilot Rock, Q. P. Bkelton Dayville, Or !;'' tVow John Day, Or F. I. McGallum Athena, Or John Ldington .., ii-tr,,, Or Wm. G. MeCroHkey Mount Vernon, Grant Co., Or .. Postmaster fihelhy Or Mies Stella Flett Fox, Grant Co., Or., J. r. anon Kight Mile, or., Mrs. Andrew Ashbaugn n, ,..r lih.n cvnelr B. F. Hevland rii.nL.ns. Or B. White iy,, k.ir Or R.M.Johnson li.inseherrv W. P. Snyder r'a,,n ornfmn Herbert Hslatead Lcxliieton W. B. McAllster AN AGENT WANTED IN EVERY PRECINCT. Union Pacific Railway-Local card. No, 10, mixed loaves Heppner 8:20 a. m. 10. " ar. at Arlington 11-50 a.m. " 9, " loaves 3:n p. m. " II, " ar. at Heppner 7:00 p. m. daily except Sunday. Fast bound, main line ar. at Arlington 8:5(1 p. m. West " ' " leaves 4:20 p. m. Night trains are running on same time as before, IIEPPNER-MONUM EN T STAGE. Stage leaves for Monument daily, excei t Sunday, at o :ou a. Arrives daily, 5:iX) P. M. except Monday, at OrlTCIii DIEECTSET. United States OHlclals. President Benjamin Harrison v; PniHmit Levi P. Morton Bee elay of Slate John W. Fost r 8 -crctary of Treasury chT" ??sJ?r Secretary of Interior ....J. W. Noble Becr.-tary of 'Var Stephen B. bikini ,., B. F. Tracy Postinastnr-Oeueral Tohn Wanamiiker Alrornev-Heneral W. H. H. Miller Secretary of Agriculture Jeremiah Busk State of Oregon. Governor S, Pfnnoyer Secrtaryof State G. W. McBride Treusnrer Phil- flschan Supt. Public Instruction KB Jcdilroy , J. H. Mitchell tsountors ) J N.D.ilph S Ringer Hermann Congressmen w k Ellis pr; , ter Frank 0. Baker (F.A.Moore Supreme Judges j uv Ef-ij"rd Seventll Judicial District. Circnit Judge W . L. Jradsliaw Proaannt m Atlorney W. H. Vills.D Morrow County Official". Joint Senator... Henry Blackman representative 1 ,:"..l," ( ounty Judge Julius Keith ty Commissioners Peter Bienuer J. 41. Baker. Clerk J.W.Morrow " Sheriff -'Jeo. Noble. Treasurer W. J. L ezer Assessor 11. L. haw " Surveyor lfBro.wn " School BuD't W.L. Baling Coroner T.W.Ayers.J i' HEPPNER TOWN OFFICERS. Mavoi T. J. Matlock ,..;;i :iv.;. o. n. Famswonh. h Lichtenthal, Otis Patterson, S. P. Garrigues, Thus. Morgan and Frank Gilliam. onn....iav A. A. Roberts. Treasurer V.'. E. G. Blocum Marshal J. W. Kasmus. Precinct Officers. - .. . ., . w t rran,.nV Justice or me reace ','""2. Constable J.J. lloberte United States Land Officers, THE DALLES, OR. J.W.Lewis Register T. S. Lang a" LA GRANDE, OB. i ni-- Register i : MnlYloiiilnli' lteceiver SEOX1ET SOCIETIES. iHMVn WK.nf f. meets ev. erv Tnesday evening at 7.80 o'clock in their Castle Hull, National Bank build. ing. Sojourning DroioerBormaiiv iir vited to aiteoa. nan. ?uaui, u. ; T C. AUBREY. K. of B. 4 a. u KAWLINS POST, NO. 81. G. A. B. Meet at Lexington, Or., the last Saturday of each month. All veterans are invited to join. C. C. Boon, Adjutant, tf finn. W. Smith Commander. n&OI'ESSIOliT.A-X'. A. A. ROBERTS, Keal Estate, lasur ance and Collections. Offioe in rminnil Chambers. Heppner.Or. swtf. AXLE TIF.ST If THE 1TOBLD. Its weaxtog qnalitlM are unsurpassed, actuajlj OntlaStlDff IWO DOXPB oiwor i. r S FOR SALE BY DEALERS GENERALLY. lyT Where? At AbrahamMck's. In addition to h tailoring btisinoos, be has added a fine line of underwenr of all kinds, negligee shirto. hosiery, etc. Also has on hand i.me elnuant Datterns for suits. Abrahumsick, May street, Heppner.Or. rnMLLilOBEASE A Year's Subscription to a Pop ular Agricultural Paper GIVEN FREE TO OUR READERS By a special arrangement with the publishers we are prepared to furnish FEEE to each of our readers a year's ubsoription to the popular monthly grioultural journal, the Amebic am Farmer,, published at Springfield and Cleveland, Ohio. This offer is made to any of our sub scribers wbn will pay up all arrearages on subscription and one year in advanoe, and to any new subscribers who will pay one year in advance. The American Farmer enjoys a large national oircula tion, and ranks among the leading agricultural papers. By this arrange ment it COSTS YOU NOTHING to re- oeive the Amrrioan Farmer for one year, It will be to your advantage to oail promptly. Sample oopies oan be en at our office. From Terminal or Interior Points the RAI LKOAD! Is the line to take 0 Tf in fho Dinino-Par llmite. It rnns Throuch Veutibuled Trains every day in the year to St. Paul and Chicago (No Change of Cars) Composed of DINING CARS unsurrassed, PULLMAN DRAWING ROOM SLEEPERS Of Latest Equipment TouristSleepingCars Bent that can be constructed and in which ao- commiHmtmr.B arc null, iree ana iurmnneu r holders ui tirst or secoua-oiaBB ucitets, unu Elegant Day Coachs. A Continuous Line ooDnecting with all Lines, affording Direct and Uninter rupted Service. Pullman Sleever Reservations can be oecurea in aavance inrougn any agent of the road. THROUGH TICKETS Tn nnrl from a) nnint In America. England and Europ can be purchased at any Ticket omce l this Lompauy. Full information concerning rates, time of trains, routes and other details furnished on application to any agent, or A. D. CHARLTON, Assistant Oeneral Passenger Agent No. 121 First St.. Cor. Washington, tf. PORTLAND OREGON The Original Webster's DIGTIOHHBY. BY SPECIAL ARKANWEAiKNT WITH TilK publishers, we are able to obtain a number of th above book, and propose to furmtm a copy to esch of our subscribers. j he dictionary is a necessity in evfj uuiue, oVtnrtl riiiI business nouse. it una and furnishes knowledge which no one hun dred other volumes of the choicest books could Supply. XOUllK ttllU Uiu, wui'dicu miu refer to its coutenls every day in the year as some have asked if this is reslly the Oriir- ricn ana pour, siiouiu hmtoh ."um iwi.u, uv Inul Webster'. L uabridired Dictionary, we re able to state we have learned direct from the publishers the fact, that this fs the very work complete on which about forty of the best years 01 the author's life were so well employed in writing. It contains the entire vocabulary of about 100,000 words, Including the correct spell ing, derivation ana aennuion 01 same, ana is the. rppnlar standard size, containing about :HX),0ou square inches of printed surface, and is bouna lu cioiu nan nioiuccw uiu qlccu. Until further notice we will furnish this valuable Oict onary First To any new subscriber. Second To any renewal subscriber. Third To anv subscriber now in arrears who pays up and one year in advance, at the following prices, viz: Full Cloth bouna, gut siae ana Dacs stamps marbled edges $:-oo. Halt Mo occo, bouna, gux siae ana dbck stamps, marbled edges. 1.50. Full Sheep bound, leather label, marbled edges, $2.00 F if fty cent! added in all cases for express age to Heppner. , . ,h. nnhlLhors limit the time an ...rT... t v.Cm thv will furnish at the low prices, we advise all w ho desire to avail them selves of this great opportunity to attend to it FBEETO THE BFRICTED. All who are suffering from the effects of Youthful Errors, Loss of Manhood, Failins Powers, Gonorrhoea, Gleet, Striotnre.Syphiliaand the many troubles which are the effects of these terrible disorders will receive, Free op Charge, full directions how to treat and cure themselves at home by writing to the Caufobnu Medical and Ri boicai, Im fibmart. 1ii29W Market Street, San Francisco, California. 466-1 y. Northern Pacific U . w imihjj.lii , v 1 I Colds and Coughs croup, sore throat, bronchitis, asthma, and hoarseness cured by . Aers Cherry Peroral the safest and most effective emergency medicine. It should be in every family. Dr. J. C. Ayer & Co Lowell, Mass. Th fole'&rated French Cure, "APHRODITINE" SKI Ii Bold om a POSITIVE GUARANTEE to our any form of uarvoui disease, or aur disorder of the BEFORE ecuerative or AFTER fa lis ol either sex whether arliiug from tb excessive use of Stimulants, Tobacco or Opium, er through youthful indlscretioo, over Indulg ence, Ac, suoh as Loss of Brau Power, Wakeful- ness, Bearinc down Palus la the Back. Semi us) Weakness, Hysteria, Nervous Prostration Nocturn al Emission. , Leucorrbcea, DUslness, Weak Mem. ory.Lossof Power and Impotencjr, which if ne glected often lead to premature old i(?e and tnsan tir. Price fl.00 a box, 6 boxes for 96.00 Sent bj mail on receipt of prioe. A WRITTEN GUARANTEE forever? 16.00 order, to refund the money If a Permaaeol cure Is not effected. Thousands of testimonials from old and young, of both sexes, permanently uired by Aphroditihx. Circular free. Address THE APHRO MEDICINE CO. WBflTlBM B1AMCH, BOX 27 PORTLAND, OR Sold in Heppner by Sloe urn-Johnston Drug Co- mm Write for our Mammoth Catalogue, a 600 -pug book, plainly illnstrnt- ed, giving wanuiaciur-i-.n' lowest price with mannfactnrers'disconnl on all Eoods manufact ured and imported into the United states. iftto fiO cents on evcrv dollar you spend. Wt- Bell only nrst-ciass pootir (jlroceries, Furni ture, Clothing, Dry lioods Hats, Caps, Boots and Uhoes, Notions, Crock ery, Jevlry, BiiKKie and Harness, Agricul tural Implements; ii; fact anything you want. Saved by buying of us. Send 25. cents to pay ex- ME?! reHrtaire on eatulogue, a buver's cuide. We arc the only concern that bc'IIb at manufacturers' prtceB, allowing the buyer the same discount that the manufacturer gives to the wholesale trade. We guarantee all goods to be equal to representations or money refunded.. Goods sent by expresa or freight, with privilege of examina tion before paying. A. KARPEN A CO., 122 Quincey at., Chicago, 111. The Last Drop Is as good as the first. No dregs. All pure and whole some. I tie most popular drink of the day. Hires'. A perfect thirst quencher. Don't b deceived if a dealer, for the talc Of larger profit, tetli you tome other kind U "jum at good" 'tit Wie. NoimiUUio U as good auj the genuine Hiau'. SKILOHS CONSUMPTION The success of tWi Oreat Cone,h Curo ts without a parnllci in t.ie hi.story of medicine. AlldrUKKiattiareiUtllorkid to sell iton a pos itive gimrHnie.c. a tf bnt no other curo can succeistullv atr.nd. That it rmiy become known, the Proprietors, at p.u enormous ex pense, are i,'t:injr a f-iinple Tl.'ittls Free into every home in the Uni'ci! Pfaw and Canada. If you have a Ooutrh, Pr.re Throat, or Bron chitis, use it. for it will cure you. If your child has the Crouo, or WhoopinK Cough, use it promptly, and relief is sure. If you dread that insidious disease Consumption, use it. Ask your DrnrisiJt for SifILOH'3 CURB, Price 10 cts. , 60 cts. and 1 .CO. If your Lungs are sore or Back lame, use Shiloh's Porons Plaster. Price 25 cts. For sale by all Drug gists and Dealers. S25 REWAKl) For the retnrn to my plaoe, six miles south of Nolin, Oregon, 1 gray mare wilb yesrliDg oolt, branded T9 on right shoul der and circle W on left shoulder; also 1 bay mare branded TS on right shoulder and dim brand on left shoulder resem bling o- Or I will pay $10 for infor mation leading to their reenvnry. F. WEBER, 498 506 Nolin, Or. STRAYED. Two sorrel horses. Oneof them branded "8" on the right shoulder, likewise on the right stifle. The other was branded "8" on the rleht shoulder, also "R" The weight of each was abnnt 1050 pounds Anvone returning tba same to my ranch at Eight Mile will receive a reward of $15. bw tf Bylvanttb Wright. Job work on short notice at the Ga zettes office. Best appointed job office in Eastern Oregon. HOW TO CHZXK HCMORRHAGE. Simple and Effective Remedies That May Up Fnslly Applied. When minute bleeding point?, mrh as Boruetimea occtir upon the faoe cfier tbe use of the razor, are neither checked spontaneously nor by the usual means, a drop of tincture of iron applied on a pledget of cotton or the end of a match will at once put an end to the bleeding. Sometimes obstinate and even alarm ing hemorrhage follows the extraction of a tooth. In such a case a bit of cot ton saturated with alum solution or sprinkled with alum powder and applied to the cavity will usually nave tue de sired effect, but should these means fail to afford relief a pledget of cotton sat- urated with tincture of iron pressed into the cavity will promptly stanch the tion of hybrids and cross pollination; flow unless the case bo an exceptional . and the objects for which the improve one, ment should be sought are chiefly pro- In case of the bursting of a varicose ductiveness, flavor, nutritiousness, size, vein, the ensuing hemorrhage may be vigor, color, shipping and keeping qual at once checked by pressing a finger ities, hardiness, extreme early and late upon the bleeding part and laying the ness, and an adaptibility for canning person down flat, either on the ground and drying purposes, and exemption or on a bed. A pad is then applied from diseases and insect pests, over the injured part and bound down i By the term "chance seedlings" I re tightly with a roller bandage. I fer to fruit trees resulting from seeds Bleeding from the nose is often checked that have been selected and planted at spontaneously by such simple means aa random, or, as is usually the case, have bathing the face and nasal cavities with accidentally become covered with earth cold water. Sometimes, however, when and have sprung up by natural methods, more persistent, some styptio applica- These seedlings, which often differ tion may be needed, Alum water or a widely from their parent in character of solution of tannic acid may be snuffed growth and fruit, may be the result of up the nose from the palm of the hand, natural variation or of a chance cross by or some powdered styptic may do mown into the nasal cavities by means of a quill, roll of paper or other tube. But the most unique, simple and efficient way to check an obstinate nasal hemor rhage is the old fashioned one of press- ing an ordinary clothespin firmly over i the cartilaginous portions of the nose from above downward. How to Prevent Bad Odor In Tines Grown In Water. A generous pinch of salt will prevent the water in which vines are growing from becoming offensive in odor. Bow to Kill Mosquitoes. A baking powder can lid, or the lid of any small round tin box, nailed upside down on the end of a stick is all the ma chine needed. Eaoh night before using drop a very little kerosene oil into the lid just enough to spread over the bot tom. Then hold it up on the ceiling over the unfortunate insect. In an in stant he will fall in overcome. This cannot be used to kill mosquitoes any where but on the ceiling; but, nine times out of ten, if one be disturbed from a position on the side wall it will )igb on the ceiling. This contrivance does not mar the walls as the use of the hand 01 a damp cloth will. . Bow to Cure Earache. Dr. Jacobi says that closing the mouths of infanta and simply blowing into the nose is often a very valuable method of relieving earache, and that in a number of cases she has obtained excellent re sults from this procedure, it being a catarrhal affection of the eustachian tube. Bow to Shoot Birds "On the Wing." Practice bringing the gun quickly up to your shoulder, so that it will be al ways in the line of your vision, w atch the flying bird closely. Then bring the gun np to your shoulder, closing the right eye as the gun comes up. When it is in position Are. If your practice has been properly taken the bird must be hit, as of course your eye was gazing at it, and the gun was in the line of your vision. Row to Serve Stale Dread or Biscuit. Steam pieces of stale bread by laying them in a perforated tin over the boiling water of a teakettle. When soft, re move and allow them to grow nearly cool. They will taste very good. Dip crisp biscuits or buns that have become stale into water, and then put them on a pan in a hot oven. They will seem as fresh as when first baked. Bow to Iron Easily. Put a teaspoonf ul of kerosene in a pint of cold starch and the iron will not stick. The scent will soon pass away. If the iron is rough, rub it on soap or wax. How to Serve Smoked Beef Hct. For preparing half a pound of beef, put into a frying pan about a table- spoonful of butter, letting it get hot. Throw in the beef shredded lntomonth fuls. Stir a heaping tablespoonful of flour into a pint of milk and pour over the beef. Let it cook until it thickens. No salt will be needed. If desired serve on squares of buttered toast. Bow the Word "Palaver" Originated. It is a corruption of the Spanish pala bras, meaning words. How to Make a Clock Keep Good Time. As the pendulum contracts during cold weather, and will consequently swing faster, it should be lengthened about one-sixteenth of an inch in the winter months. How to Prevent Jars from Breaking. When putting in the fruit set the cold jar on a folded cloth wet with cold wa ter; then pour in the boiling hot fruit. How to Remove Baking Stains from a Dish Rub the stains with a pinch of salt The stains will be qnickly removed. How to Extinguish rir. In Chlmnej. Take a quantity of table salt and throw it up the burning flue, a handful - ., . at a time in rapid succession, u ttoa fails go upon the roof and throw salt downgthe chimney. How th Whale Furnishes Oils, The sperm whale has an immense cav ity in the head, containing an oil which hardens and forms the spermaceti of commerce. Ambergris is a peculiar product used in making perfumery and is sometimes found to the amount of I'juif tv 1,13 aiuuuui, s.- A,, i u i. i- u Vi rsurrTi wi h n. 1 1 in iuuukuii ia; utm m product of disease. NEW VARIETIES. A LECTURE GIVEN BEFORE THE HORTICULTURAL CLASS At Stanford University by Profpasor Emory E. Smith How Now Frutt Va rieties Are Made and Fixed Cross Pollination, Budding: and Hybridizing Are the Agencies Employed. The primary ohject of the production of new varieties of fruits is the increase of the quantity and quality of our food supply. Titere are several well defined ways in which our fruits may be improved: Chance seedlings, bud variation, selec- the agency of the breeze or insects. Many , and I might say the majority, of our standard varieties iuive originated in this way. Bud varieties, or "sports, " as they are commonly termed, are so far nuexplain. able. Suddenly a branch upon a tree or a cane upon a bush or vine will show unusual vigor, or produce fruit of flavor, color or size differing materially from the variety type. By removing the sport and perpetuating it by buds, scions or cuttings a new and distinct variety has been brought into existence, though a tendency is often exhibited for several years toward further variation, in which case selection has to be resorted to until the type is well fixed. Hybridizing and cross pollination are words quite generally oonfused and mis understood, even by horticulturists themselves. Hybridizing may be briefly described as the inter-mixing of two dis tinct species, while cross pollination, as the term is acceptably applied, is the mixing of varieties of one species, or of individuals of the same variety. Cross pollination may be of two sorts: "Indi vidual crosses, " the mixing of the pollen of flowers from the same plant, and "cross breeds," the mixing of the pollen of two varieties of the one species, New varieties of fruit depend upon propagation by bud, scion or cutting for the continuation of their individuality, which in most instances is fixed to a marked degree. All things being equal, it is douotful whether this individuality is ever lessened. My own observations incline me to believe that the character istics of a variety do not deteriorate, but that too rapid propagation or other con ditions may cause temporary or even in cases permanent constitutional weak ness; and. while uncongenial climatic or soil condition may cause decline and de cay in plant or tree, this has nothing to do with the characteristics of the variety of fruit, but simply represents an un equal contest of plant life with unfavor able conditions. While aware tliatmy views differ from those of investigators who had more ex tended opportunities, I am convinced that environments unfavorable to char acteristics but favorable to the plant vigor of a variety, does not permanently change the characteristics of such vari ety, though the seed produced may be widely and permanently changed. To convince myself of the truth of this the ory I have for some years conducted ex periments, the particulars of which . will not give, but will merely say that I have taken scions from several old fruit trees in California, the fruit of which it was claimed had been permanently changed in color, and from early to late bearers or the reverse. The Bcions were sent East and grafted on trees of the same variety and no difference whatever could be discovered in the fruit from that borne on the balance of the tree, Varieties of fruit brought from Europe, and whose origin is long lost, as grown in California, are identical in character with the earliest descriptions, In discussing the subject of cross pol lination, the question of the effect of the cross upon the pulp of the fruit is some times raised. As a rule, I do not believe that crossing naturally or artificially has any direct effect upon the pulp, but that the intermixture is confined to the seed and the fruit which it may produce. I am, however, convinced that there are exceptions to this rule, and that the ex ception applies particularly to the or ange and is discoverable in exterior characteristics rather than in any change in the nature of the pulp. I I made some unsatisfactory observa tions some eight years ago in the orange groves of Florida, but four years later in an orancre erove of aoutnern i;anror- nia I became convineed of the fact. It was a large grove originally, all of Ta hiti sweet seedlings. A few years ago the tops of a portion of the trees were . ! .i 1 ..A.1,.A 1 cut on ana me siunips wno wuuucu u,w to Washington navels. As soon as these budded trees came into bearing scattered fruit having the characteristic navel be- . 1 1 j ........ gan to appear upon tun wj..l.v. v. seedling trees. My attention was called to the fact by a workman,j and upor , ex- :.4-;n T frtnnd a nntTihtr nr nr A.n craft Bluumiw" " VZu - mamc. upon me nr ir row. 01 , seedlings but found only one specimen IU mo rest ui vuw - that the phenomenon had appeared for the first time the year before, when the navels came into material bearing and it waa a matter of common remark among the orange pickers of this period. The texture of the fruit did not seem chanired in the least, and the navel was . 1 annernciai ana not pciiKirtttiuK o ii viiu - true navel Tariety. I nave besidea j picked several oranges from navel tree in mixed groves that had the smooth, unbroken exterior skin of the ordinary orange and contained in one case one ' seed and in the other two seeds. Environment does not seem to have anything to do with the "sporting" of varieties; for I have seen two sports Identically the same produced under widely different conditions. Further research may throw more light on the subject. In developing several points not properly within the scope ol this subject my chief object has been to show the permanency of results in this field of laior, and to show that in origi nating a new and valuable variety of fruit j-ou will not only bring pleasure and profit to yourself and the present generation, but will band down to pos terity a legacy rich in itself, but richer still in possibilities. ONE BOARD OF TRADE. An Interesting Sulutlon of the ProdnM Problem. Some twenty odd vears ago the great dairy interests of Northern Illinois and Southern Wisconsin had about the same unsatisfory market for their products that we have had on this Coast. Their market was in the paws of the "bears" or on the horns of the "bulls." Specu lators and middlemen had full control and nearly all they did not pocket the transportation companies got. Good butter cost the consumer all it was worth. The dairyman might go into Chicago and find the buttor he was forced to sell at 13 to 20 cents a pound retailing at 50 cents. The 15 to 20 cents did notpay the farmer, but the margin paid the manipulators. Everythingwas against the dairyman. Manipulators could travel through the country, buy butter and cheese and ship them into the city for one-fourth what the dairy man could. In fact there was a com plete and strong combine against the dairyman. They plainly saw that if there was no remedy for this state of affairs they would be obliged to go out of the business and leave 'Chicago to make her own butter from the pig and steer. The result was that a few of the leading dairymen around Elgin a city about the size of Santa Rosa got to gether and formed the Elgin board of trade for the sale of butter and cheese. It was strictly on a business basis and all business must be done according to the by-laws and regulations. The dairy products were all to be on band on a certain day, open to the in spection of all and sold strictly for cash on their merits. Then the buyer could take the stuff where it best suited him, and the dairymen had their money. The first vear only a few went into the asso ciation and only a small businesft was done, but it was enough to show that it paid those who depended on it for their sales' Then it began to grow and the busines is now immense. Following is an extract from the annual report of the past year: The receipts for 1891 were 1.063,B58, greater than for 1890. Total amount of butter sold during the year 2.,lX)8,o5a pounds, at an average price of 25 r cents a pound. Of cheese, 6,232,492 pounds were made, which was sold at an aver age price of 8 cents. The following fig ures for 1891 will be of interest: The cash value of butter was $0,272,501.87; of cheese, $498,099.36 ; total, $6,771 , 101. 23 total pounds of both butter and cheese, 81.239,144; increase over 1890 butter, 805,100 pounds, value'$875,202.86; cheese, 1,190,072 pounds, value $188,455.87. In the past twenty years there have been sold 111 the L'gin board of trade 151,021 292 pounds of butter and 118,887,917 pounds of cheese, a total of 208,809,209 pounds. The cash value of this was $47,813,250.72. The average price for the past twenty years was: Butter 28J cents; cheese 8J cents. ' There are how 270 members of the board of trade and 230 factories represented, an increase in factories of 10. This shows a healthy growth. Atten tion is called to tliis pioneer venture of the kind because a similar board has been organized by prominent dairymen around San Francisco and it is supposed modeled after the Elgin plan quite closely. Such co-operative combines are all right, for they give the producer full value lor his products, less the least possible margin for freights, commis sions and other necessary expenses and do not increase the price of the produce to the consumer. If things are honestly managed the cost to- the consumer will be lessened. In the case of the Elgin board the consumer was greatly bene fited. It would be easy, indeed, to run such a scheme for a time greatly against the interest of the consumer and in favor of the dairymen. Yet it would be only for a time. Such schemes soon wear them A Simple Problem. The value of a baking powder is in the leaven ing gas it contains. If one brand is stronger than another, it is worth more per pound, because it goes further in baking. Royal Baking Powder has been determined by the official chemical tests to be 27 per cent greater in leavening strength than any other brand. Its actual value to the consumer is therefore 27 per cent, greater than the others. This is equal to 13 cents per pound. If, therefore, other powders are forced upon you, see that the charge for them is iyi cents per pound less than the price of the Royal. selves out, 111 press ana pnonc senti ment are against them. The Elgin board of trade plan is the true way to sell all farm produce. Three or four boards of trade could sell all our products. All should go onto the mar ket as the producer sees fit to pack and assort, to be sold by sample at auction for spot cash. That and the selling from wagon from door to door by the pro ducernot peddlers are the only right Ways to sell farm produce. These plans leave middlemen and speculators com pletely in the cold. Only the man who buys for cash on the open market and holds for an expected increase in price is legitimate speculator. Wine) Grape Industry. The brandy business is brightening tip and it will cheer the wine grape grower. A shipment of 92,500 gallons has just been sent to Hamburg. Tni seems like shipping ooals to Newcastle. Yet millions of gallons of corn whisky has gone to Europe to come back labeled fine old Cognac. There is no doubt but wnat we can make aa good brandy as can be made anywhere. But brandy U not best until it is twelve to twenty years old. The minority of the ways and means committee have presented a report against removing the duty on binding twine. "The New Onion Culture." They are having a great time in the Eastern agricultural papers over what they term "the new onion culture," which is simply to sow theBeed in a mild hotbed under glass in early spring and then in May or June transplant into a thoroughly prepared and enriched field. The plan involves great labor, but yields very large and fine crops. One grower tried for a thousand bushels to the acre and maintains, that he would have reached that mark if a severe drouth had not interfered. He harvested over 800 busheis. The plan seems to be old and well known on this Coast. It was introduced by gardners from South Eu rope. Neany five years ago a crop was grown in this way that was simply im mense. The Portuguese who pTew the crop said they had long followed this plan. Here in California we have rich moist places where the transplanting plan seems to be the acme of perfection, onions being transplanted after the last rain, require little or no cultivation and give the finest possible crops. The Northern Citrus Belt.. Jn Butte county, far north in Califor nia, the citrus fruits are being plaqted. One grove of 140 acres of oraigesis be ing planted, another of 100 acres, several forty, twenty, ten' and numerous five acre tracts. This looks like the N C B has a good foundation. According to a Connecticut station analysis, a sample of fresh hen manure contained nitrogen C.56, phosphoric acid 0.85, potash 0.36. THE ARMIES OF EUROPE. The French army has 131,000 horses, 15,000 of which are substitutes. The appropriation for them this year is $400,000 more than it was last year. M. Jannhf.s, president of the com mission instituted by the Aerostatic congress of 1 S89, has asked the French war minister to define the status of aero nauts in time of war. He thinks that aerostation is sufHciently important in the army for those who are enaged in it to be designated as belligerents. OliSKRVATioN stephultlei's are the latest innovation in the lielgias field artillery. They are intended to enuble the commander of a concealed battery to better direct the Hre of the gunners. Every ladder is about seven and one half feet high, of iron, and weighs about sixty-five pounds. All ammuni tion wagons will carry the ladders. According to the "Annual of the French Army for 1891," the standing army will contain next year 570,003 men, and will show an Increase over this year of 324 officers, 7,418 men and 1,018 horsea. The annual gives the total numlicr of officers, doctors and other officials of officers' rank as 75, 000. The estimated expenditure for the army next "'"t. 000,000. Lightning Proof. Women wh are afraid of thunder storms are having their chaira and bed steads made with glass feet to serve as inhibitors. What is the matter with the old-fashioned feather bed where all the women and children of the family took refuge iu a thunderstorm? Or the dark closet where the preserves were kept? Perhaps the glass jars made that secure, but no power on earth ever saved the preserves.